A UNIQUE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN RURAL SETTINGS: A REVIEW

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which affects both humans and animals, with endemic occurrence in rural areas. Transmission is facilitated by environmental factors, such as water contaminated with the urine of infected rodents. Rural workers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinarians are particularly vulnerable. Prevention and control require an integrated One Health approach, considering the interface between humans, animals, and the environment, and include measures such as basic sanitation, rodent control, use of personal protective equipment, health education, and measures to promote animal health. Previous studies indicate that the disease may be underreported in rural areas, as a consequence of the disease's characteristics and the access to healthcare that the rural population has. This work discusses the possible role of the veterinary professional as a key actor in the prevention and epidemiological study of leptospirosis in rural areas.