CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES

Abstract

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which can result in severe consequences for the fetus during pregnancy. This article reviews critical aspects of congenital toxoplasmosis, including its etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in managing the disease. The infection can lead to sequelae such as retinochoroiditis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications. Early diagnosis, often performed through screening in pregnant women, is essential for effective management and reduction of complications. Treatment includes the use of antiparasitic medications and, in some cases, surgical interventions. Collaborative approaches involving obstetricians, pediatricians, and infectious disease specialists are crucial to optimizing clinical outcomes. Current research explores the effectiveness of prevention and screening strategies, highlighting the complexity of managing congenital toxoplasmosis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of congenital toxoplasmosis and its implications for patient care.