THE CHALLENGES OF LITERACY IN THE EARLY YEARS: REFLECTIONS ON PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS

Abstract

Literacy is an essential stage in the educational process, playing a decisive role in the development of reading and writing skills and the integral development of students, although it still faces several challenges arising from pedagogical, social, economic, and family factors. In this context, this study aims to analyze the main challenges of literacy, identifying the factors that influence the teaching and learning process, as well as reflecting on strategies capable of contributing to the improvement of the quality of education. To this end, a qualitative research approach was adopted, developed through bibliographic research, based on the analysis of books, scientific articles, official documents, and publications available on specialized educational websites. The discussions showed that the effectiveness of literacy depends on the articulation between appropriate pedagogical practices, continuing teacher training, family participation, investments in public policies, and the use of methodologies that consider the different realities of students. It is concluded that overcoming the challenges of literacy requires integrated actions between school, family, and society, favoring the construction of meaningful and inclusive learning capable of guaranteeing the full development of the skills necessary for civic education.