PREVALENCE OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, MATERNAL METABOLIC PROFILE, AND PERINATAL RISKS IN PREGNANT WOMEN RECEIVING PRENATAL CARE IN CASCAVEL (2023–2025)

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), characterize the maternal metabolic profile, and identify perinatal risks in pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the Intermunicipal Health Consortium of Western Paraná (CISOP), in Cascavel, during the period from 2023 to 2025. This is a quantitative, retrospective, and documentary study developed through the analysis of medical records. A total of 4,429 records were evaluated, of which 668 presented a diagnosis of GDM, corresponding to a prevalence of 15.1%. Among the diagnosed pregnant women, a mean age of 29.3 years and a mean body mass index of 33.6 kg/m² were observed. Fasting blood glucose showed a mean of 102 mg/dL, while the oral glucose tolerance test showed a mean of 175 mg/dL. The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic arterial hypertension (18.4%), hypothyroidism (16.2%), and generalized anxiety disorder (9.1%). Regarding treatment, 84% of the patients used NPH insulin. Among the perinatal outcomes, polyhydramnios (4.2%) and newborns large for gestational age (4.2%) stood out. The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of GDM associated with maternal metabolic alterations, the presence of clinical comorbidities, and relevant perinatal outcomes.