TEMPORAL TREND AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ALAGOAS AND BRAZIL, 2019–2024

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze the temporal trend and epidemiological profile of congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil and the state of Alagoas between 2019 and 2024, with emphasis on clinical outcomes and the distribution of cases according to race/skin color. This was a descriptive, retrospective, time-series epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, using data obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). The variables analyzed included year of notification, case outcome, and race/skin color. Descriptive analyses were performed using absolute and relative frequencies, in addition to the chi-square test for linear trend, adopting a significance level of 5%. The results showed 662 reported cases in Alagoas and 33,271 in Brazil, with an increasing trend in notifications throughout the study period. The outcomes classified as “ignored/blank” and “cure” were the most frequent, while the proportion of cured cases decreased in recent years and deaths remained uncommon. Regarding race/skin color, the brown population predominated, with a gradual reduction in missing records for this variable. In conclusion, congenital toxoplasmosis notifications increased over the analyzed period, accompanied by persistent incompleteness of epidemiological records, highlighting the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance and improve the quality of health information systems