CHILDHOOD OBESITY: RISK FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the risk factors related to the development of childhood obesity, as well as the implications of this condition for pediatric health. The study was conducted through a literature review, using scientific articles available in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, published between 2017 and 2024. Studies that directly addressed childhood obesity, risk factors, and health impacts were included. The results showed that childhood obesity is mainly associated with inadequate eating habits, characterized by excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, combined with reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. The influence of the family environment and socioeconomic conditions on the establishment of unhealthy habits was also observed. Identified consequences include early metabolic changes, respiratory difficulties, functional limitations, and psychosocial impacts, such as low self-esteem and difficulties in socialization. It is concluded that childhood obesity represents a significant public health problem, requiring integrated preventive strategies involving family, school, and health services, with a focus on promoting healthy habits from early childhood.