THYROIDECTOMY: INDICATIONS, CONTEMPORARY SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, MANAGEMENT AND POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Thyroidectomy, a surgical procedure for the total or partial removal of the thyroid gland, is one of the most common endocrine interventions. Its indications cover a wide range of pathologies, from benign conditions such as multinodular goiter and refractory Graves' disease to thyroid malignancies, including papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas. Constant advancements in surgical techniques, instrumentation, and perioperative management strategies have significantly improved patient outcomes, minimizing complications and optimizing postoperative quality of life. Therefore, this narrative literature review sought to review thyroidectomy, exploring its indications, contemporary surgical techniques, pre- and postoperative management, potential complications, and evolving approaches.