ASSESSMENT OF PATH LOSS MODELS FOR 5G FREQUENCIES IN THE URBAN SCENARIO OF SANTARÉM, BRAZIL

Abstract

Accurate estimation of path loss (PL) is essential for predicting transmitter coverage and optimizing the performance of wireless networks, especially in urban and suburban areas of large cities. This paper presents a comparative analysis between the FSPL (Free Space Path Loss) and COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami path loss models, focusing on applications in the urban environment of Santarém, Pará, considering the main frequency bands allocated for 5G networks in Brazil (3.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 66 GHz). The research highlights the importance of accurate path loss modeling to ensure efficiency, coverage, and reliability of wireless communication networks, particularly in the face of increasing demand for high-speed connectivity. Using MATLAB simulations, the authors observed that the FSPL model shows more stable behavior at higher frequencies, whereas the COST 231 W-I model presents limitations beyond its original validation range. The results emphasize the need to adopt models appropriate to the network deployment context, especially in the millimeter-wave bands, which require higher antenna density to compensate for signal losses. The study reinforces the importance of employing advanced models, such as ray tracing, in the planning of future communication networks.