TRACKING RISKS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial syndrome resulting from the lack of insulin and/or the inability of insulin to properly exert its effects. It is characterized by hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. This disease is closely associated with chronic complications (cardiovascular, neurological, renal, ophthalmic, and diabetic foot), which mainly occur in uncontrolled and long-term cases, with high mortality potential. Objective: To perform a literature screening of the risks affecting individuals with Diabetes Mellitus. MEthodology: This is a literature review that involved applied research with an exploratory and descriptive character. The following question was formulated: What are the methods for screening risks in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus? Available tools in each database were used, selected based on filters for language, study type, and publication date. The following databases were used for the bibliographic research: Scientific Electronic Library on Live (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (BVS). For the search of articles, the Boolean operator "AND" and the following descriptors were used: "diabetes," "nursing," "screening," which were verified by the Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). Exclusion criteria included monographs, theses, and dissertations. After identifying and searching for relevant articles, abstracts were analyzed and reviewed, and the data were organized in tables and charts for further discussion. Results And discussion: Women, especially those in menopause and post-menopause, are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, exacerbated by factors such as overweight and oral contraceptive use. Smoking, saturated fat consumption, and alcohol also contribute to cardiovascular and liver complications. The role of nurses is crucial in promoting healthy habits and disease prevention through initiatives like the HIPERDIA Program and the Care Line for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Ongoing education and encouragement of self-care are fundamental for managing chronic diseases. Conclusion: The study highlights that factors such as excess weight, smoking, and alcohol increase the risk of chronic diseases, and that prevention and health education by nursing are essential to reduce these risks.