THE USE OF MAMMOGRAPHY AS BREAST CANCER SCREENING

Abstract

Context: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in Brazil and worldwide, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Brazilian women. Early detection is essential to increase the chances of a cure, and mammography is considered the most effective method for this screening. It is recommended that women between the ages of 50 and 69 undergo mammograms every two years. The exam uses X-rays to form images of the breasts, allowing the identification of malignant lesions in their early stages. In addition, there are two main types of mammography: conventional and digital, each with its own advantages. The classification of findings is made according to the BI-RADS system, and the procedures vary according to the risk of malignancy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of mammographic screening in reducing mortality from breast cancer, discuss its limitations, including the occurrence of false positives and radiation exposure, and compare mammography with other imaging methods, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Methodology: The methodology of the article consists of a literature review and analysis of data recorded in information systems, such as SISCAN (SUS Exam Control System) and INCA (National Cancer Institute). Results: Regular mammography reduced breast cancer deaths in women over 50 years of age by an average of 30% and has an accuracy rate ranging from 80% to 90% in asymptomatic women, allowing the identification of tumors in the early stages. However, this method involves a series of risks and limitations, such as false positives and exposure to ionizing radiation, and therefore can be associated with or replaced by other methods, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound. Conclusion: Mammography has already proven to be a crucial tool in the screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer, but in Brazil, the practice of screening still presents challenges.