NEPHRITIC SYNDROME: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This literature review gathered medical books and articles published preferably in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED and SciELO databases with the main objective of reviewing nephritic syndrome, indicating its pathophysiology, causes, diagnosis and treatment. Nephritic syndrome is an inflammation of the renal glomeruli that can cause hematuria, proteinuria and, frequently, edema, hypertension and renal dysfunction. Inflammation is triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases or medications, leading to the deposition of immune complexes and glomerular injury. It is worth noting that diagnosis involves urinalysis and renal biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause and includes antibiotics, immunosuppressants and blood pressure control. The prognosis varies and can lead to chronic renal failure in some cases. Recent advances include targeted therapies, but there are still uncertainties about the pathogenesis and biomarkers. It is stated that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to preserve renal function.