OBESIDADE INFANTIL: COMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity has emerged as one of the most significant public health challenges in recent decades, affecting millions of children worldwide. This alarming increase is associated with changes in dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and social and environmental influences. Childhood obesity is not just an aesthetic issue; its clinical complications are serious and encompass a range of physical and psychological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and emotional problems. Understanding these complications is essential to develop effective interventions and promote a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents. Objective: To investigate the clinical complications of childhood obesity, providing a comprehensive view of the adverse effects associated with this condition. Methodology: The research was conducted based on the PRISMA checklist, using the PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Five main descriptors were selected: “Public health”, “Children”, "child health", "diet", and "physical activity". Inclusion criteria included articles published in the last 10 years, studies that addressed clinical complications associated with childhood obesity, and research in Portuguese or English. On the other hand, studies that did not focus on children, review studies, and articles that did not present original data were excluded. Results: The results revealed a wide range of clinical complications associated with childhood obesity. Problems such as insulin resistance, early cardiovascular diseases, and orthopedic disorders stood out. In addition, it was observed that obesity can lead to psychological consequences, such as depression and anxiety, affecting the quality of life of children. The literature also indicated the importance of early intervention and prevention programs in schools and communities. Conclusion: Childhood obesity represents a complex challenge, with clinical complications that extend far beyond body weight. The evidence obtained in this review highlights the urgency of integrated strategies that promote healthy lifestyles, addressing both the physical health and psychological well-being of children. Effectively addressing this problem requires the collaboration of health professionals, educators, and families to create environments that encourage healthy habits from childhood.