COLON CANCER AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RISK FACTORS, EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Colon cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are serious conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract and have significant clinical relevance due to their increasing global incidence. Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, while inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine. Early diagnosis and efficient surgical treatment are essential for the control of these diseases. Objective: To analyze the risk factors, early diagnosis and advances in surgical treatment of colon cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with emphasis on the interrelationship between these conditions and their clinical implications. Methodology: The review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist, searching for articles published in the last 10 years in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: “Colon Cancer”, “Inflammatory Bowel Disease”, “Risk Factors”, “Early Diagnosis” and “Surgical Treatment”. The inclusion criteria were: original research articles, studies with patients diagnosed with colon cancer or IBD, and publications discussing early diagnosis and surgical approaches. The exclusion criteria were: articles in languages ​​other than Portuguese and English, studies that did not address the main themes, and articles with data from more than 10 years ago. Results: The results indicated that early diagnosis is crucial for identifying early lesions in the colon, which significantly improves the prognosis of patients. The relationship between chronic inflammation and colon cancer was confirmed, with persistent inflammation in cases of IBD increasing the risk of malignancy. Conclusion: In summary, the review highlighted that early diagnosis, combined with timely surgical interventions, plays a crucial role in the management of both colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Furthermore, identification and control of risk factors are essential for the prevention and effective treatment of these conditions. The relationship between IBD and colon cancer requires continued surveillance and more individualized treatment strategies.