ACCESS OF PATIENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER TO DENTAL CARE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a behavioral disorder with irreversible characteristics and undefined etiology, marked by changes in behavior related to social interaction, language, or limitations. Due to these characteristics, small daily activities can become obstacles, including oral hygiene. Consequently, the high demand leads to difficulties in accessing treatment and consultations for oral health promotion and prevention for these patients. Objective: To address the difficulties in accessing dental care for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and how dentists are currently managing this issue. Methods: An integrative literature review of a qualitative and exploratory nature was conducted using electronic platforms such as Scielo, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Lilacs, Medline, and PubMed, according to the descriptors (DeCs); “Autism Spectrum Disorder” and “Dentistry” and “Oral Health”. Inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese and English published between 2019 and 2024. Articles not directly relevant to the research, or from unreliable or unverifiable sources, were excluded. Results and Discussion: The direct search in databases and indirect search using the bibliographic references of selected articles highlighted the causes of difficulties faced by these patients in accessing dental care. These include lack of preparation, insecurity, lack of commitment or prejudice, and inadequate attention from professionals, leading to access primarily in emergency situations. Currently, there are various challenges in providing dental treatment to autistic patients. Finding dentists who are prepared to treat patients with autism can be challenging, particularly due to the specific needs and sensitivities these patients may have. An effective approach is to seek dentists with experience or specific training in treating individuals with ASD. Additionally, it is recommended that consultations be prepared in advance, including a preliminary visit to the office for the patient to become familiar with the environment and instruments, as well as preliminary discussions with the professional to adapt the environment and procedures to the patient’s needs. Conclusion: There is a “dormant” demand that is not receiving adequate attention, with access to dental services primarily limited to emergency situations and invasive procedures. Therefore, individuals with ASD should visit a dentist as early as possible, as they are less apprehensive and fearful of treatment when introduced to it early.