THE IMPACT OF DIET ON ORAL HEALTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study addresses the relationship between diet and oral health, highlighting how certain foods can influence the onset of issues such as cavities, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases. The oral cavity, being in direct contact with the external environment and part of the digestive system, has its tissues and dental structure directly impacted by what is consumed. Diets rich in sugars and acidic foods are harmful, as they damage tooth enamel and alter the oral microbiota, increasing vulnerability to dental problems. On the other hand, foods rich in calcium and vitamins, such as dairy products, are essential for maintaining healthy teeth and gums. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of diet on oral health. The study was conducted through an integrative literature review, focusing on articles available in the Lilacs and PubMed databases, covering the period between 2020 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were established to select relevant articles published in Portuguese and English, while studies such as monographs, dissertations, theses, and duplicate articles were excluded. Of the 180 articles initially found, only 10 met all the inclusion criteria and were thoroughly analyzed. The results reinforce the correlation between diet and oral health. Diets rich in sugars and acidic foods are key factors in increasing the risk of cavities and dental erosion. In contrast, calcium-rich foods, such as milk and cheese, protect tooth enamel and contribute to a balanced oral microbiota, helping prevent oral diseases. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating healthy eating habits into daily routines to prevent oral pathologies. Access to clear and effective nutritional information can be a powerful tool in promoting both oral and overall health, demonstrating that simple dietary changes can have significant effects in preventing diseases.