BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Bipolar affective disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from manic to depressive episodes. This disorder, which affects a significant portion of the population, presents challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Manic episodes are marked by elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, while depressive episodes involve feelings of profound sadness, apathy, and loss of interest. The causes of the disorder are multifactorial, involving complex interactions between genetic, neurochemical, and environmental factors. Understanding this disorder is essential for developing more effective interventions and improving the quality of life of those affected. Objective: To analyze the existing evidence on bipolar affective disorder, addressing aspects related to diagnosis, treatment, and impact on patients' lives. Methodology: The methodology followed the PRISMA checklist, using the PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: "bipolar affective disorder", "diagnosis", "treatment", "epidemology" and "quality of life". Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles published in the last 10 years that comprehensively addressed aspects of the disorder. Exclusion criteria were articles focusing on unrelated disorders, studies with samples smaller than 30 participants and publications not accessible in full text. Results: The results indicated that the treatment of bipolar affective disorder should be multidisciplinary, involving psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, with a focus on mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. The impact on the quality of life of patients was evidenced, showing that social support and complementary therapies are essential for the management of the condition. In addition, the evidence highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and continuous follow-up. Conclusion: The systematic review highlighted the complexity of bipolar affective disorder, highlighting the need for holistic management that considers not only the symptoms, but also the social and psychological dimensions that affect patients. Promoting integrated strategies can significantly improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.