CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CONN SYNDROME: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac dysfunction in patients with Conn's syndrome, characterized by primary hyperaldosteronism, has become a relevant topic in cardiology. This condition, resulting from excess aldosterone, not only affects blood pressure regulation but also influences cardiac function. Affected patients often have resistant hypertension and structural alterations of the heart, which can culminate in adverse events, such as heart failure. The clinical management of these patients is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, aiming not only at blood pressure control, but also at protecting cardiac function in the long term. Objective: To analyze the existing literature on the clinical management of cardiac dysfunction in patients with Conn's syndrome, aiming to identify effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular complications. Methodology: The methodology adopted the PRISMA checklist to ensure rigor in the review. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were searched using five descriptors: "Conn's syndrome", "cardiac dysfunction", "hyperaldosteronism", "hypertension" and "clinical management". The articles considered for inclusion were those published in the last ten years. The inclusion criteria were: studies that addressed the relationship between Conn's syndrome and cardiac dysfunction, peer-reviewed articles and publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The exclusion criteria were: studies with small sample sizes, research focused on other cardiovascular conditions not directly related to Conn's syndrome and opinion articles or case reports. Results: The results revealed a strong association between Conn's syndrome and increased risk of cardiac dysfunction, evidencing that control of hyperaldosteronism is crucial for cardiovascular protection. It was observed that surgical treatment, when indicated, can significantly improve cardiac function. In addition, the use of aldosterone antagonists has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of complications. Conclusion: Cardiac dysfunction in patients with Conn's syndrome represents a significant challenge in clinical management. Early identification and appropriate treatment of the syndrome are essential for the prevention of cardiovascular complications, highlighting the importance of an integrated approach that considers both hypertension control and long-term protection of cardiac function.