DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT LANDSCAPE

Abstract

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common forms of dementia, characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain, which are aggregates of abnormal proteins primarily composed of alpha-synuclein. This condition manifests not only through progressive cognitive deficits but also through fluctuations in attention and cognition, visual hallucinations, and motor symptoms resembling those of Parkinson's disease. Symptoms can vary considerably among individuals, complicating the diagnosis, which is often mistakenly confused with Alzheimer's disease or psychiatric disorders. Early recognition of DLB is crucial, as it allows for the implementation of therapeutic interventions that can improve patients' quality of life, slow the progression of symptoms, and alleviate the impact on caregivers. The complexity of the clinical picture is accentuated by sleep disturbances, which are frequently observed in patients with DLB and can significantly affect the management of the condition. This article reviews the current literature on DLB, addressing clinical, neurobiological, and treatment options to provide a comprehensive understanding of this condition. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of differential diagnoses and the need for personalized therapeutic strategies that take into account the heterogeneity of symptoms and the specific needs of each patient. Ongoing research on DLB is vital, not only for improving diagnosis and treatment but also for developing new approaches that may positively impact the lives of millions of people affected by this neurodegenerative disease.