COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This literature review gathered articles published mainly in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED database, aiming to review the main complications related to chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Its prevalence is largely associated with chronic viral infections, mainly by hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, which are responsible for the majority of cases. The geographic distribution of chronic hepatitis varies significantly, influenced by factors such as cultural practices, levels of economic development, access to health care and prevention strategies. The complications of chronic hepatitis are vast and can affect several body systems, such as the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system. Adequate management of these complications requires a multidisciplinary approach, which includes treatment of the underlying causes, control of symptoms and, in severe cases, evaluation for liver transplantation. Viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B and C, remain the main causes of these complications, and prevention through vaccines, early treatment and public health measures are essential to reduce the global burden of disease.