OROTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN THE ICU: AN EVALUATION OF DEVICES AND UPDATES

Abstract

Introduction: Orotracheal intubation is a critical procedure frequently performed in intensive care units (ICUs) to ensure airway patency in severely compromised patients. This procedure aims to provide a safe and effective airway for mechanical ventilation and airway protection. With the advancement of technologies and devices used, there has been a continuous improvement in the methods and equipment employed, directly reflecting the efficacy and safety of intubation. Objective: To evaluate updates in orotracheal intubation devices and techniques in the ICU, focusing on identifying innovations and improvements that have impacted clinical practice in recent decades. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases, using five descriptors: “orotracheal intubation,” “intubation devices,” “ICU,” “mechanical ventilation,” and “intubation techniques.” The inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 10 years that directly addressed innovations in intubation devices and techniques applied in the ICU, with clinical studies and systematic reviews. Studies outside the defined period, articles that did not directly address orotracheal intubation or that did not present relevant data on devices or techniques were excluded. Results: The main topics found included the evolution of intubation devices, such as the use of videolaryngoscopic laryngoscopes that improve airway visualization, and new methods to facilitate intubation in difficult situations. In addition, improved techniques, such as intubation using ultrasound guidance, were highlighted for their effectiveness in improving the success rate and reducing complications. Studies have shown a growing trend towards adopting technologies that provide greater safety and precision during the procedure. Conclusion: The analysis of updates in orotracheal intubation devices and techniques demonstrates a significant advance in clinical practice in ICUs. The incorporation of new technologies and the evolution of methods have contributed to greater safety and effectiveness in intubation, reducing complications and improving outcomes for critically ill patients. These advances reflect the ongoing commitment to improving practices and optimizing intensive care.