SUSAC SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of Susac syndrome, addressing its forms of presentation, complications, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic strategies. This narrative literature review was conducted based on articles available in the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and published in recent years. The descriptors used were “Susac Syndrome,” “Diagnosis,” and “Therapeutics.” Nine articles were selected that offer relevant information on Susac syndrome, its clinical manifestations, neurological, visual, and auditory complications, as well as therapeutic approaches. The review highlighted the importance of magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescein angiography in early diagnosis, as well as the need for continuous monitoring through audiometry. Despite advances in the use of immunosuppressive and biological therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab, treatment response remains variable, and the recurrence of flares represents an ongoing challenge. It is concluded that, although progress has been made in understanding and treating Susac syndrome, there is an urgent need to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic criteria, as well as to promote research into new immunomodulatory therapies and biomarkers that can improve clinical outcomes for patients.