OVARIAN CANCER AND DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS: RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION

Abstract

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignant neoplasm, recognized for its ability to induce hypercoagulable states, resulting in an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The relationship between ovarian cancer and DVT is complex and involves multiple factors, including disease aggressiveness, advanced stage, and oncological treatments. Scientific studies have indicated that patients with ovarian cancer have a substantially higher risk of developing DVT, especially when undergoing therapies that affect blood clotting. Effective prevention of DVT in patients with ovarian cancer depends on a multidisciplinary approach that includes continuous assessment of risk factors and implementation of evidence-based preventive strategies. Objective: The systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize the scientific evidence on risk factors and prevention strategies for deep vein thrombosis in patients with ovarian cancer, in order to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of the subject that can guide clinical practice. Methodology: The methodology was based on the PRISMA checklist, using the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, focusing on articles published in the last 10 years. The descriptors used included "ovarian cancer," "deep vein thrombosis," "risk factors," "prevention," and "thromboprophylaxis." Studies that addressed patients with ovarian cancer were included, focusing on risk factors, DVT prevention and clinical interventions. Exclusion criteria included studies with patients who had other neoplasms, reviews without primary data, and studies with small or insufficient samples for robust conclusions. Results: The results indicated that prolonged immobility, chemotherapy treatments and inadequate nutritional status were identified as the main risk factors for DVT in patients with ovarian cancer. Strategies such as administration of prophylactic anticoagulants, patient education and continuous monitoring proved effective in reducing thrombotic risk. Conclusion: It was concluded that prevention of DVT in patients with ovarian cancer requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, based on a detailed understanding of risk factors and implementation of effective preventive measures. Patient education and nutritional management emerged as critical components in the prevention strategy, reflecting the need for personalized and evidence-based care.