KERATOCONUS: CLINICAL IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Keratoconus is a degenerative corneal disease characterized by progressive thinning and conical protrusion, leading to significant visual distortions and variability in visual acuity. Typically diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood, keratoconus can lead to a substantial reduction in quality of life and requires an individualized treatment approach. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, involving interactions between genetic, biomechanical, and environmental factors, such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Early diagnosis is crucial and is facilitated by advanced technologies, including corneal topography, tomography, and biomechanical analysis. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition, ranging from rigid contact lenses, which help correct vision, to more invasive interventions such as intracorneal ring implants and corneal cross-linking. Corneal cross-linking, a relatively recent technique, has shown promising results in stabilizing the cornea and preventing disease progression. Each therapeutic approach has its own indications and limitations, and treatment must be tailored to individual patient needs. Regular monitoring is essential to track disease progression and adjust treatment strategies, aiming to continually improve visual acuity and quality of life for patients with keratoconus.