POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS AND METABOLIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are interrelated metabolic conditions that affect a significant portion of the global female population. PCOS, characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, contributes to a state of metabolic dysregulation that can worsen the risk of DM2. DM2, in turn, is often associated with insulin resistance, which is also a predominant feature of PCOS. This interaction between PCOS and T2DM highlights the complexity of clinical management of these conditions, requiring a comprehensive approach to understand and treat their metabolic and clinical consequences. Objective: The objective of the systematic literature review was to identify and analyze the main interactions between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, focusing on clinical complications and the metabolic implications of these conditions. The review sought to provide a detailed understanding of the pathological relationships, clinical manifestations, and effective management strategies for these interconnected conditions. Methodology: The methodology followed the PRISMA checklist to ensure quality and transparency in the review. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted. A combination of five descriptors was used: "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome", "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus", "Insulin Resistance", "Dyslipidemia" and "Abdominal Obesity". Three inclusion criteria were applied: articles published in the last ten years, studies that addressed both PCOS and DM2, and research with relevant quantitative results. Three exclusion criteria were established: non-peer-reviewed studies, articles focusing on conditions unrelated to PCOS and DM2, and texts that did not present clear empirical data. Results: The results showed that insulin resistance and abdominal obesity are key factors in the interaction between PCOS and DM2, with a significant impact on metabolic complications. Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were identified as common complications, exacerbating cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, infertility associated with PCOS has been highlighted, complicating management of the condition. The review also revealed that pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications, including exercise and proper diet, are essential for effective control of both conditions. Conclusion: Analysis of the evidence confirmed that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are interconnected by complex metabolic mechanisms that include insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Clinical complications, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, increase the risk of adverse events. The therapeutic approach must include both pharmacological strategies and lifestyle changes to effectively manage these conditions. The review highlights the need for an integrated approach to optimize treatment and improve patients' quality of life.