OPHTHALMOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EYELID PTOSIS SURGERY

Abstract

Introduction Eyelid ptosis, characterized by the drooping of the upper eyelid, can result in serious functional and aesthetic impairments. The ophthalmological approach to ptosis surgery aims to restore the normal position of the eyelid and, consequently, improve visual function and aesthetic appearance. The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including muscle weakness, neuromuscular changes, or nerve disorders. Surgery is often indicated to alleviate symptoms and correct the position of the eyelids, providing significant relief for patients experiencing visual difficulties and aesthetic discomfort. Objective The objective of the systematic literature review was to evaluate the surgical techniques used in the treatment of eyelid ptosis, as well as the associated clinical and aesthetic results. The review sought to identify the most effective approaches, long-term results and potential complications involved in the various surgical techniques. Methodology The systematic review followed the PRISMA checklist to ensure rigor and transparency. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted to identify studies and articles published in the last 10 years. The five descriptors used were “eyelid ptosis surgery”, “ophthalmological approach”, “surgical techniques”, “aesthetic results” and “ptosis complications”. The inclusion criteria were studies that investigated specific surgical techniques for eyelid ptosis, articles that evaluated the clinical and aesthetic results of interventions and publications that included data on postoperative complications. Studies that did not specifically address eyelid ptosis, those that focused only on non-surgical treatments and publications outside the scope of ophthalmology were excluded. Results The results showed that the resection of the levator muscle and eyelid suspension are the most frequently used. in eyelid ptosis surgery. The review showed that the choice of technique depends on the severity of the ptosis and the patient's muscular conditions. Surgical approaches have generally shown good results in terms of restoring eyelid position and improving visual function. However, complications such as eyelid asymmetry and infections have been reported, highlighting the importance of detailed surgical planning and adequate postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: Eyelid ptosis surgery, with techniques such as resection of the levator muscle and eyelid suspension, has been shown to be effective in correcting the eyelid position and improving aesthetic and functional results. Despite advances in technique, the review revealed that managing complications remains a challenge. The appropriate choice of surgical approach and attention to postoperative care are crucial to maximize the benefits of the intervention and minimize the associated risks. In summary, the reviewed literature demonstrates that eyelid ptosis surgery is a valuable treatment, with predominant positive results when performed accurately and with adequate follow-up.