HELLP SYNDROME: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GESTATIONAL AGE

Abstract

HELLP Syndrome is a severe complication of preeclampsia, characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count, affecting 0.5 to 0.9% of pregnancies and occurring in 10-20% of severe preeclampsia cases. In Brazil, the syndrome's prevalence is underreported, but it is estimated that preeclampsia affects 8.2% of pregnancies. The syndrome is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with complications such as renal failure and hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and effective management are essential, although symptom variability makes rapid recognition difficult. The condition is exacerbated by regional disparities in healthcare access in Brazil. The pathophysiology involves endothelial dysfunction and abnormal coagulation activation, resulting in thrombotic microangiopathy. Management includes maternal stabilization, blood pressure control, and corticosteroid use for fetal lung maturation. Delivery is often necessary to resolve the syndrome. This integrative review compiles and analyzes the main clinical manifestations and therapeutic interventions