PARKINSON'S DISEASE: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting the central nervous system, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Objective: The aim of this article is to carry out a literature review on the etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of PD. Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2004 to 2024. The inclusion criteria included original studies and reviews in English, Portuguese or Spanish, focusing on PD. Results and Discussion: PD is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a reduction in dopamine in the brain. Diagnosis is predominantly clinical, aided by neuroimaging and biomarkers. Therapeutic interventions include dopaminergic drugs, deep brain stimulation and non-pharmacological approaches such as physiotherapy. Multidisciplinary management is essential for a comprehensive approach, involving different health professionals. Conclusion: PD remains a significant challenge in the medical field. However, advances in the areas of diagnosis and treatment, as well as a multidisciplinary approach, offer improvements in patients' quality of life. Continued research is crucial to develop more effective therapies and improve the management of the disease.