THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, influencing the modulation of the immune system. Dysbiosis, characterized by the imbalance of microbial populations, can trigger exacerbated inflammatory responses, promoting the activation of autoreactive T cells and the production of autoantibodies. Studies show that the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects intestinal permeability, allowing the translocation of antigens and toxins that exacerbate the immune response. In addition, certain metabolites produced by the microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids, have immunomodulatory properties, and can act both on immune tolerance and chronic inflammation. Therapeutic interventions, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics and specific diets, have shown potential in restoring eubiosis and mitigating the symptoms of autoimmune diseases. Thus, understanding the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the management of autoimmune diseases.