GALLBLADDER PATHOLOGIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Among gallbladder pathologies, cholelithiasis is the most common condition, often asymptomatic but capable of causing serious complications such as acute cholecystitis and biliary pancreatitis. The treatment of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, while non-surgical options such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ursodeoxycholic acid are considered in selected cases. Cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder, can be acute or chronic and is often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones. The Tokyo Guidelines are a useful tool for classifying the severity of acute cholecystitis and guiding clinical management. Initial treatment includes hydration, analgesia, and antibiotics, with cholecystectomy being the definitive treatment. In cases of severe acute cholecystitis, immediate intervention is crucial to prevent fatal complications. Thus, appropriate management of gallbladder diseases significantly improves patient prognosis and quality of life.