APPROACHES TO PREVENTING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: This comprehensive review aims to evaluate and synthesize the evidence on approaches to preventing the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), focusing on pharmacological interventions, lifestyle changes, and multidisciplinary management practices. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted, covering primary studies and systematic reviews published in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Articles that addressed strategies for preventing the progression of CKD were selected, and data were extracted and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The analysis revealed that pharmacological interventions, including the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and SGLT2 inhibitors, demonstrated significant efficacy in slowing the progression of CKD. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting specific diets and regular exercise, also showed substantial benefits. Multidisciplinary management, integrating care from nephrologists, endocrinologists, nutritionists, and other health professionals, resulted in improved clinical outcomes and increased adherence to treatment. Education and self-care were identified as critical components for the effectiveness of interventions. Discussion: Pharmacological interventions and lifestyle changes are effective in preventing CKD progression, but implementation of these strategies can face challenges related to adherence and the need for ongoing support. Multidisciplinary management has been shown to be effective, but coordination between different health professionals can be complex. The review also highlighted the need for further research on new therapies and the effectiveness of combined strategies in different populations. Final Considerations: Preventing CKD progression requires a multifaceted approach, integrating pharmacological interventions, lifestyle changes, and multidisciplinary management. Continued investigation and personalization of preventive strategies are essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with CKD.