INFLUENCE OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON MENTAL HEALTH: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

The relationship between the intestinal microbiota and mental health has aroused increasing interest in the scientific community. The intestinal microbiota, composed of a diversity of microorganisms, plays a fundamental role in regulating the functioning of the central nervous system, directly influencing mood, behavior and the development of psychiatric disorders. This complex interaction, known as the gut-brain axis, has significant implications for understanding and treating mental health conditions. Objective: The objective of this systematic literature review is to investigate and synthesize the most recent evidence on the influence of gut microbiota on mental health, with a focus on clinical implications. Studies published in the last 10 years will be examined to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Methodology: This review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We will use the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Descriptors will include terms such as "gut microbiota", "mental health", "depression", "anxiety" and "treatment". The inclusion criteria are original studies published in the last 10 years, in English or Portuguese, that investigated the relationship between intestinal microbiota and mental health in humans. Exclusion criteria included animal studies, systematic reviews and studies with inappropriate methodologies. Results: Analysis of the identified studies revealed a significant association between gut microbiota composition and several mental disorders, including depression and anxiety. Furthermore, interventions aimed at modulating the microbiota, such as the use of probiotics and prebiotics, have demonstrated potential benefits in treating these conditions. However, more research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved and determine the effectiveness of these interventions. Conclusion: This review highlights the growing importance of the intestinal microbiota in mental health and the possible clinical implications of this relationship. Understanding the gut-brain axis offers new opportunities for the development of innovative and personalized therapeutic strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, more research is needed to translate these findings into effective clinical practice.