METABOLIC DISORDERS CAUSED DURING CHILDHOOD OBESITY AND THEIR IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The problem of childhood obesity stands out for its multifactorial causes, which involve genetic, metabolic, nutritional, psychosocial, environmental factors and changes in lifestyle. Obesity can be classified as exogenous, related to socio-environmental factors, and endogenous, related to genetic and hormonal factors. Uncontrolled food intake is identified as one of the main causes of obesity, contributing to an energy imbalance between calorie intake and daily energy expenditure. The present study aims to evaluate the topic of childhood obesity, as they are relevant and pertinent, as they address the complex health condition, while at the same time seeking to mitigate the adverse and metabolic effects on child growth and development. The comprehensive approach to the complexity of obesity is significant, emphasizing its multifactorial causes, the impact on health, especially in childhood, and the importance of nutritional intervention and lifestyle changes for the treatment and prevention of this condition. contribution to a more complete understanding of obesity, helping to better guide the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity. The study was carried out through a literary review, in the searches scientific articles and publications that made reference to the proposed topic were used as a database, which are found in the Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Furthermore, childhood obesity is influenced by external factors, such as physical inactivity and access to processed foods, and internal factors, such as heredity and inadequate nutrition. In this context, the role of parents and guardians in shaping children's eating habits stands out and the availability of processed foods, rich in sugar, fat and salt, contributes to the increase in obesity in this age group. Nutritional intervention is essential in the treatment of obesity, including adequate and individualized nutrition, encouraging physical exercise and behavioral changes. Investigating and understanding the factors that influence obesity can not only help with weight loss, but also prevent a range of other diseases. This study examined a topic of great concern in global public health: the rise in childhood obesity. Analysis of the reviewed articles indicates that changes in lifestyle and eating patterns have driven this increase. The situation worsens when children adopt sedentary habits, with little or no physical exercise in their daily routine, combined with an unbalanced diet, high in fats and carbohydrates.