POTENTIAL OF CURCUMIN IN MODULATING THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in gastrointestinal health, influencing physiological and immunological processes. Dysregulations in the composition and function of the microbiota can lead to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. In this sense, bioactive substances present in plants, such as curcumin, have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric, a plant widely used as a spice and in herbal medicine. Studies have shown that curcumin has beneficial effects in modulating the intestinal microbiota. Its antimicrobial and antifungal activity has been linked to the reduction of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, curcumin has shown the ability to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which help maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiota. Curcumin has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa, reducing local inflammation and contributing to the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Animal studies and recent clinical studies suggest that curcumin may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, it is important to highlight that the bioavailability of curcumin is low due to its rapid metabolization and low solubility in water. Therefore, studies are being carried out to develop formulations that increase their bioavailability and clinical efficacy. In summary, curcumin has potential in modulating the intestinal microbiota and its beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. However, more research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms of action and establish clear guidelines for its use as a complementary therapy.