IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is an increasingly common and effective procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. However, it is known that this intervention can lead to significant nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on nutritional deficiencies. In short, bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in losing weight and improving comorbidities associated with obesity. However, this technique can lead to changes in nutrient intake and absorption, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Studies have shown that bariatric surgery can cause deficiencies in micronutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate. Among the most reported deficiencies is iron deficiency, which can lead to anemia. This is due to the decreased ability to absorb iron in the small intestine after surgery. Calcium deficiency is another common complication, mainly due to decreased dairy intake after surgery. Additionally, bariatric surgery can also cause deficiencies in vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate, due to decreased absorption of these nutrients. These nutritional deficiencies can lead to long-term complications such as osteoporosis, neuropathy, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is essential to carry out adequate nutritional monitoring after bariatric surgery in order to prevent and treat these deficiencies. In conclusion, bariatric surgery can lead to significant nutritional deficiencies, particularly in relation to micronutrients. It is essential that healthcare professionals are aware of these complications and offer adequate nutritional monitoring to patients undergoing this type of procedure.