Personalized Medicine. Cardiovascular diseases. Genomics. Biomarkers. Targeted Therapies.

Abstract

Personalized medicine emerges as an innovative approach in the management of cardiovascular diseases, aiming to optimize therapeutic efficacy and improve clinical outcomes through the consideration of individual genetic characteristics. This systematic review examines the growing importance of personalized medicine in this context, highlighting significant advances and their specific clinical applications. Analysis of genetic variations reveals a crucial association with heterogeneous therapeutic responses, outlining the need for a more personalized approach in the selection of pharmacological treatments. Studies addressing genetic polymorphisms highlight the complexity of these interactions and the importance of future validations. The incorporation of genomics and biomarkers in cardiovascular risk stratification represents a promising advance. Identifying genetic variants associated with specific cardiovascular conditions, combined with the identification of blood biomarkers, provides a solid basis for more precise preventive strategies. In addition to conventional pharmacological therapies, the review highlights the transformative role of targeted therapies and personalized lifestyle modification strategies. Approaches tailored to individual genetic characteristics, including gene therapies and lifestyle interventions, signal a significant evolution in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, challenges in the widespread implementation of personalized medicine are highlighted, including ethical issues, accessibility and cost. The review highlights the need for collaborative strategies to overcome these obstacles, ensuring that benefits are equitably distributed. In summary, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the growing importance of personalized medicine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. By considering genetic advances, personalized therapeutic strategies, and implementation challenges, this review aims to guide future clinical practice, promoting a more effective approach tailored to individual patient needs.