HYPERTROPHIC PYLORUS STENOSIS: CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a medical condition that mainly affects infants and is characterized by an obstruction at the exit of the stomach due to abnormal thickening of the pyloric muscle. This condition leads to specific clinical symptoms, including jet vomiting, irritability, weight loss, and dehydration. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation and imaging tests, such as abdominal ultrasound. Surgical management is often necessary to resolve the obstruction, and pylorus release surgery is the standard treatment. However, current knowledge about this condition and its management is the result of research and scientific studies over the years. Objective: to analyze and summarize scientific studies published in the last 10 years on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, focusing on clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options and short and long-term results. We seek to consolidate current knowledge about this pediatric condition to guide clinical practice and medical decision making. Methodology: the selection of Databases was (Based on the PRISMA Checklist): Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Descriptors Used: The descriptors used were "hypertrophic pyloric stenosis", "clinical symptoms", "diagnosis", "surgical treatment" and "results". Inclusion criteria: studies published in the last 10 years, studies that address clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods, studies that evaluate surgical management and short- and long-term results. Exclusion criteria: studies with adult populations, studies that are not available in full text, studies that are not related to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Results: The systematic review identified 15 studies that provided valuable information about hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Key topics covered included the most common clinical symptoms such as jet vomiting and irritability, the most effective diagnostic methods such as abdominal ultrasound, surgical treatment options including the pylorus release technique, and short-term results. , such as the improvement of symptoms, and in the long term, such as the recurrence of the condition. Conclusion: based on the studies analyzed, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relevant clinical condition that affects infants and requires adequate diagnosis and treatment. Abdominal ultrasound has been shown to be effective in diagnosis, while pylorus release surgery is often necessary to resolve the obstruction. An in-depth understanding of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment is essential to improving patients' quality of life and avoiding long-term complications. The systematic literature review provides a comprehensive view of these aspects, contributing to clinical knowledge and guiding medical practice.