CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This integrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on CVD prevention strategies, addressing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, personalized medicine and advances in diagnostic technologies. The results revealed that pharmacological interventions, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and statins, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk in randomized clinical trials. However, the non-pharmacological approach also plays a crucial role, with robust evidence supporting promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity and reducing sodium intake. Personalized medicine, based on genetic and cardiovascular risk biomarkers, emerges as a promising approach for personalized CVD prevention. Furthermore, technological advances, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and coronary computed tomography, provide greater accuracy in diagnosis and risk stratification. Cardiovascular health education and community interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing risk factors. However, gaps in knowledge and persistent challenges, including cardiovascular health equity and patient adherence, highlight important areas for future research and improvement of prevention strategies. This review emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive and personalized approach to CVD prevention, integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, personalized medicine, and advanced diagnostic technologies. With a continued commitment to research and a focus on health equity, we can work to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and improve the quality of life for populations around the world.