COVID-19 AND ITS POST-INFECTION CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Introduction COVID-19 developed and spread rapidly, culminating in a global pandemic. It is caused by the virus called SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the group of β-coronaviruses and is transmitted between humans through micro droplets, by aerossol and by contact. SARS-CoV-2 primally affects the respiratory system, entering cells by binding to the Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 plays important roles in human physiology and is widely distributed in the organs and systems of the human body, such as the cardiovascular system, making the potential targets to the virus. Cardiovascular manifestations and complications may be the main cause of death in patients with COVID-19. Patients with pre-existing risk factors and comorbidities have a higher risk of developing complications and a worse prognosis. Multiple mechanisms such as down-regulation of ACE2, immune damage and hypoxia cause cardiovascular complications. Objective: The aim of study will be to carry out a narrative review of the literature on COVID-19 and its cardiovascular complications after COVID-19 infection. Methodology:  This study addresses a literature review carried out trough articles indexed in PubMed, which includes MedLine, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and LILACS, using keywords selected trough the classification of Descriptors in Health Science (DECs). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the involvement of the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 can determine the severity of the disease and that COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications are linked to a worse prognosis.