GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN MAPPING WATER DEFICIT IN COFFEE CULTIVATION IN RONDÔNIA - A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Water deficit is a primary limiting factor for coffee productivity in Rondônia, largely due to irregular rainfall distribution and the overlap between the dry season and the coffee plant's most sensitive phenological stages. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) emerge as tools capable of integrating, mapping, and analyzing data, thereby supporting agricultural planning and water management. This study aimed to analyze—through a literature review—the applications of GIS in monitoring water deficits and managing irrigation in coffee cultivation, with a specific focus on the state of Rondônia. The research was conducted as a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive bibliographic review, drawing upon scientific articles, theses, dissertations, technical manuals, and institutional documents published between 2006 and 2026 (with some exceptions). Sources included Google Scholar, the CAPES Journal Portal, and SciELO, as well as publications from organizations such as Embrapa, CONAB, IBGE, and INMET. The findings indicate that GIS—when combined with remote sensing, vegetation indices (such as NDVI), water balance data, and open-source software like QGIS—enables the mapping of the spatial variability of water deficits and the identification of areas at higher risk of water stress. It is concluded that GIS holds significant potential for supporting decision-making in coffee production in Rondônia, contributing to more efficient water use and increased productivity, provided that high-quality data are utilized within the framework of detailed local studies.