FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the biological, psychological, and social factors associated with the mental health of older adults, highlighting their relationship with psychological distress and their impact on quality of life. This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative and descriptive approach, conducted in the SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS databases, including studies published between 2021 and 2026. The results showed that frailty, functional dependence, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, social isolation, anxiety and depressive symptoms, hearing loss, and unhealthy lifestyle habits may increase vulnerability to psychological distress. In contrast, family support, social participation, physical activity, healthy eating, spirituality, leisure, psychological interventions, functional rehabilitation, and nursing follow-up were identified as protective factors for mental health. It is concluded that psychological distress in old age results from the interaction of multiple factors and therefore requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach. The importance of nursing is emphasized in the early identification of vulnerabilities, the promotion of autonomy, and the implementation of strategies aimed at improving mental health and quality of life among older adults.