CLINICAL CROWN LENGTHENING USING FLAP AND FLAPLESS TECHNIQUES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES

Abstract

Clinical crown lengthening is a periodontal procedure indicated for aesthetic and restorative purposes and can be performed using flap and flapless techniques. The aim of this study was to analyze the main clinical outcomes associated with these techniques. A qualitative and comparative literature review was conducted through searches in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, including clinical studies, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. After applying the eligibility criteria, 11 studies comprised the final sample and were included in the analysis of the results. Gingival margin stability, periodontal parameters, pain, edema, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The flapless approach was associated with lower postoperative morbidity in some studies, whereas the flap technique provided greater access to and visualization of periodontal tissues. Gingival margin stability showed variable results and was influenced by periodontal characteristics and the healing process. It was concluded that the choice of technique should be individualized according to the anatomical and periodontal characteristics and the clinical needs of each case.