EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HOSPITALIZATIONS AND HOSPITAL DEATHS DUE TO DIABETES MELLITUS IN CASCAVEL, BRAZIL, FROM 2021 TO 2025

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a substantial health burden, and its decompensations may lead to hospitalization and death. This study analyzed the profile of hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths due to diabetes mellitus among residents of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, from 2021 to 2025. An ecological, descriptive, quantitative time-series study was conducted using aggregated data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System, made available by the Hospital Observatory of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Hospitalizations classified in the diabetes mellitus morbidity group (ICD-10 E10–E14) were selected by municipality of residence; 2025 covered January through October. There were 455 hospitalizations and 11 deaths, corresponding to an in-hospital mortality of 2.4%. Hospitalizations increased from 51 in 2021 to 106 in 2024 and reached 142 in the first ten months of 2025. Men accounted for 54.9% of hospitalizations. The 10–14-year age group had the largest number among five-year groups, whereas people aged 60 years or older accounted for 72.7% of deaths. Hospitalizations increased persistently, with a relevant contribution from younger age groups and greater severity among older adults, reinforcing the need for local surveillance and longitudinal primary care.