COMPLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE USE OF HYALURONIC ACID IN FACIAL FILLING

Abstract

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid is widely used in facial filler procedures due to its volumizing and rejuvenating capabilities. However, the increased demand for these procedures has also raised the number of complications, which can range from mild reactions such as edema and hematomas to serious complications such as vascular occlusion, tissue necrosis, and blindness. Objective: To analyze the main complications arising from the use of hyaluronic acid in facial fillers, as well as to identify the associated risk factors and the main management approaches. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, conducted in the BVS, MedLine, SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed databases, using the descriptors "hyaluronic acid," "complications," and "vascular occlusion." Articles published between 2021 and 2025, in Portuguese and English, were included. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five studies comprised the final sample. Results: The analyzed studies revealed complications such as edema, hematomas, infections, nodules, granulomas, tissue necrosis, vascular occlusion, visual loss, and serious neurological events. Among the main risk factors identified were inadequate technique, application in higher-risk anatomical regions, use of large volumes, untrained professionals, and delays in treating complications. Hyaluronidase was identified as the main therapeutic resource for the rapid reversal of vascular complications. Conclusion: It is concluded that, although hyaluronic acid is considered a safe procedure, its use can cause significant complications when performed improperly. Thus, anatomical knowledge, professional training, early identification of complications, and immediate management are fundamental to ensuring patient safety and reducing the risk of permanent sequelae.