POST-COVID-19 ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH AMERICA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has generated significant cardiovascular repercussions beyond its respiratory manifestations. Among these, the potential emergence of post-COVID-19 hypertension has aroused increasing interest due to its impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the incidence of hypertension in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in South America, identifying associated factors and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. A systematic literature review was conducted through searches in recognized databases, including observational studies published between 2020 and 2026. The findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with a higher incidence of hypertension, particularly in individuals with pre-existing comorbidities, advanced age, and a history of severe COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms described include alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, and persistent systemic inflammation. It is concluded that hypertension is a possible cardiovascular sequela of COVID-19, although the available evidence in South America is still limited. Longitudinal studies with higher methodological quality are needed to better understand the magnitude of the phenomenon and guide prevention and clinical follow-up strategies.