RATIONAL USE OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs): RISKS, BENEFITS AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation. Although they are highly effective, the inappropriate or prolonged use of these drugs may lead to a range of adverse effects, particularly affecting the gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Self-medication, combined with the easy access to NSAIDs, contributes to their irrational use, representing a significant public health concern. Therefore, it is essential to discuss strategies that promote the safe and rational use of these medications. This study aimed, based on scientific literature, to evaluate the rational use of NSAIDs, considering their main therapeutic benefits, the risks associated with improper use, and the strategies that promote safe pharmacotherapy. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, conducted through a literature review using the databases BVS, PubMed, and SciELO. Relevant descriptors were applied and combined using Boolean operators to refine the search results. The findings demonstrated that NSAIDs are clinically effective and widely used across different therapeutic contexts. However, their excessive use is associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions, drug interactions, and clinical complications, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. Furthermore, factors such as lack of information, easy access, and the culture of self-medication were identified as major contributors to the irrational use of these drugs. Therefore, the safety and effectiveness of NSAIDs are directly related to their rational and responsible use, which can only be achieved through strategies such as health education, pharmacotherapeutic monitoring, and the active role of pharmacists in patient guidance. Strengthening these practices is essential to minimize risks, improve clinical outcomes, and ensure safer and higher-quality healthcare.