POTENTIALLY TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN COSMETICS: SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE.

Abstract

The growing consumption of cosmetics has increased population exposure to potentially toxic chemical substances, highlighting the need for safety evaluation. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence regarding the presence of potentially toxic substances in cosmetics, with emphasis on parabens and their possible effects on human health. This is an integrative literature review conducted in databases such as SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS, and CAPES Portal, including studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Portuguese and English. After applying eligibility criteria, 16 studies were selected for analysis. The results show that parabens, widely used as preservatives, have potential endocrine-disrupting effects, interfering with hormonal homeostasis. In addition, possible cytotoxic, genotoxic effects and adverse skin reactions associated with continuous cosmetic use were identified. Exposure to these substances occurs in a multiple and cumulative manner, favoring their bioaccumulation in the body. Environmental impacts were also observed, especially related to persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems. A higher risk was noted in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women. Despite existing regulations, the studies indicate controversies regarding the long-term safety of parabens. It is concluded that stricter toxicological evaluation, regulatory updates, and further research on chronic and cumulative effects are necessary to promote the safe and conscious use of cosmetics.