EFFICACY OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS IN CARIES PREVENTION IN PRIMARY AND YOUNG PERMANENT TEETH: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries on the occlusal surfaces of primary and young permanent molars represent a clinical challenge due to the complex anatomy of pits and fissures. Sealants emerge as an effective mechanical barrier to prevent biofilm accumulation in these areas. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of pit and fissure sealants in caries prevention in primary and young permanent teeth, highlighting clinical benefits and new materials. Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted using PubMed, VHL (BVS), and LILACS databases, selecting 10 articles published between 2021 and 2025. Results: The studies confirm a high reduction in caries incidence and good clinical retention rates. Bioactive and fluoride-releasing materials show promising results in maintaining dental integrity over 24 months. Discussion: Although effective, sealant longevity depends on the application technique and periodic follow-up. There is a need for more longitudinal studies on primary teeth and conditions such as Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). Conclusion: The use of sealants is a safe, conservative, and fundamental strategy in modern preventive dentistry, especially when integrated into continuous monitoring protocols.