IMPACT OF ZIKA VIRUS ON PREGNANT WOMEN IN BRAZIL: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY (2016–2024)

Abstract

This article analyzed the distribution and impacts of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women in Brazil between 2016 and 2024, through an ecological and descriptive study using SINAN/DATASUS data from women diagnosed with ZIKV (ICD-10 U06). Sociodemographic, regional, and clinical outcome variables were considered. During the period, 114,602 cases were reported in pregnant women, representing 22.1% of the national total, with a peak in 2016 (54.4%) and subsequent decline. Most cases occurred in women aged 20 to 39 years (58.6%), mainly in the second trimester. The Northeast accounted for 39.7% of cases, followed by the Southeast (30.5%), and pardo (multiracial) women were the most affected (39.2%). Regarding clinical outcomes, 68.4% evolved to cure, 0.23% to death, and 31.3% had no reported outcome. Although cases have decreased after 2016, ZIKV remains a challenge for maternal-fetal health in Brazil, disproportionately affecting pardo women, adolescents, and residents of the Northeast. Strengthening surveillance and applying equitable policies are essential to mitigate its impacts.