ADVANCES IN VACCINES AGAINST CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

Abstract

This article aimed to analyze recent advances in the development of vaccines against Cytomegalovirus (CMV), focusing on immunogenicity, efficacy, and challenges in the implementation of these vaccines. To this end, a review of the scientific literature was carried out, considering several clinical trials and experimental studies that investigated different vaccine formulations and their immunological responses. The main results indicate that several strategies are being explored, including DNA, peptide, and viral vector-based vaccines. Among the vaccines analyzed, the mRNA-1647 vaccine stood out as the most promising, presenting a strong immune response mediated by T cells and neutralizing antibodies, in addition to an adequate safety profile in clinical trials. Comparison with previous studies showed that, despite the advances, there are still challenges related to the durability of the immune response and the need for long-term follow-up to evaluate its efficacy in preventing CMV infection. It is concluded that, although mRNA-1647 represents a significant advance, more research is needed to validate its efficacy on a large scale. Furthermore, future investigations should focus on strategies that improve immunogenicity and reduce the need for multiple doses, facilitating their clinical application.