ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND TREATMENT ADVANCES

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent condition that primarily affects men over the age of 65 and is characterized by the abnormal dilation of the abdominal aorta. Often asymptomatic, AAA may be incidentally discovered during imaging studies performed for other reasons. When symptomatic, it can cause abdominal or lower back pain, and its rupture represents a medical emergency with a high associated mortality rate. Early detection is crucial and is typically achieved through ultrasonography, which allows for monitoring of aneurysm growth and assessment of the need for intervention. Treatment for AAA depends on the size of the aneurysm and associated risk; smaller aneurysms are generally managed with regular follow-up, while larger aneurysms may require surgery. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has emerged as a less invasive approach compared to traditional open surgery, offering faster recovery and lower risk of perioperative complications. Managing risk factors such as smoking and hypertension, along with continuous monitoring, is essential for improving outcomes and preventing complications. The management of AAA continues to evolve with advancements in treatment techniques and understanding of the factors influencing the progression of the condition.